Fastest Star Universe

This is the fastest stars in the universe. The researchers call him as a Star Spin or Spinstars. Round their rotation more than a million miles per hour or 1.6 million km per hour.

According to researchers from the Institute for Astrophysics of Potsdam, Germany, this star was formed 13.7 billion years ago after the big bang and never became a huge star.

Even the size of its mass up to eight times greater than the mass of our sun. However, because giant stars made of hydrogen and helium gas has a short lifetime, he died young.

In a report published in the journal Nature, Dr Christina Chiappini and colleagues at the Institute for Astrophysics in Potsdam, utilizing the European Southern Observatory's telescope Very Large Telescope in Chile to study the chemical composition of some old stars in the Milky Way.

They studied the ratio of chemical elements that exist in a star cluster NGC-6522. Star clusters were chosen because they are old enough to form the original chemical elements such as produced by the stars who attended the first generation.

Furthermore, Chiapini concluded that the first generation of stars are very massive and rotating with very high speed to achieve the degree of mixing elements so that they can produce heavier elements.

Their calculations indicate that the first generation of stars are rotating fast with a speed of 500 kilometers per second - or 250 times higher than the speed of our sun. No wonder if then they called these stars as 'Spinstars'.

As reported by ABC news site, Professor Mike Bessell of Mount Stromlo Observatory, owned by Australian National University, Chiapini paper explains the importance of rotation or the rotation of stars beginning to produce such elements later found in star later generations.

In addition to convection resulting in a star caused mixing, a fast rotation help new elements are formed and appear on the surface.

"The rotation of this star helping to produce elements Neon Carbon-22 from the central star. The element that then allows the formation of the higher elements in our stars, which normally only occurs in low-mass stars," Bessell said.

Bessell added, elements heavier formed very early in the universe, providing the seeds for the formation of other things, lately.

"This gives us another option for the creation of major elements like nitrogen and all the heavier elements such as tin and zinc. All the elements that we think is not going to be created, until long after that."

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Sun in 3 Dimensions

From Earth, the Sun looks like a yellow ball of dazzling. Despite displays the different faces, the photographs taken by satellites of the sun is still two-dimensional space.

And, on Sunday, February 6, 2011 proved: The sun-shaped ball. Satellites of the U.S. space agency (Nasa) managed to take pictures of the Sun in three dimensions.

"This is the first time we could see human activity as a whole in three dimensions," said Angelos Vourlidas, STEREO scientist at the Naval Laboratory, Washington, DC, as NASA's site is loaded.

This, he added, was a major event in the field of solar physics. "STEREO reveals the real face of the Sun - hot ball of plasma with a magnetic field similar to weave intricate," he added.

NASA satellites transmit two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) into two positions are opposite the Sun. Each 180-degree sun taking photos. Two images were then combined into one, forming a glowing red ball.
To release it into the public, NASA chose the time that coincides with the momentum at Greenbay Packers Superbowl game against the Steelers.

By looking at the overall picture of the Sun is expected to play a role in monitoring the Earth's weather. Also believed to help terwujudknya human dream to send a fleet of explorers throughout the solar system sky. To view the whole video here see the Sun

STEREO was launched in 2006, his job was to track the flow of energy and matter the Sun to the Earth. These satellite images also provide the Sun-Earth system that is unique and revolutionary. The mission took the picture complete the Sun in three dimensions has been done since 2007.

In 2009, the twin STEREO managed to take pictures of structures in the corona solar eruptions (coronal mass ejections) that is believed to negatively affect the Earth. Expected 2013, incident solar storm is expected to disrupt communications, navigation, satellite, and generating electricity on Earth. STEREO built and designed by scientists from several countries, the U.S., Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.

To the Telegraph, the British scientist Dr Chris Davis is involved in the project said the work of the two STEREO satellites were very satisfactory. "I am very happy this step, I imagine in the future, observing the Sun will be more unique."

Meanwhile, in The Guardian, scientists Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, Richard Harrison said the results of STEREO images will change the perception people have of the Sun.

"The sun is not yellow circle like a lot of people think," he said. "It's very complex, with three-dimensional picture, the essence to how it works," he said.

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First Light Impressions

The stars who first appeared in the entire universe is long dead. However, their light still shines so still give us clues on what the universe is fine when he was a newborn.

A group headed by astrophysicist Harvey Moseley, an astrophysicist from the Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, believes that they have detected a weak light coming from stars that were born in the early start time.

"The reason the light is very weak because he comes from a great distance, they are at the far end of the universe," said Mosley.

Mosley said, after the big bang, all-powerful boom that is expected to be a sign of the start time, the universe remains black for 200 million years.

"Now, from the pictures that we get, we can see light coming from objects 13 billion light years away from Earth," he said. "We saw what people call as the first light in the universe that was formed after the big bang."

Using images taken by Spitzer Space Telescope, astronomers first remove the light coming from stars or other galaxies closer. Once clean, the rays left in the background lately is believed to be the light first appeared.

"When I was young, the universe was very hot, chances are he is full of objects that emit light more intense than the objects of outer space today," said Alexander Kashlinsky, other NASA astrophysicist.

According to the researchers, the object that emits light may be the size of a star hundreds of times larger than the Sun, or a very massive black holes.

"Whatever the object, the images obtained bring us one step closer to understanding how the universe was born," said Kashlinsky

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Astronomers First?

The composition of the rock in a suburb of Melbourne, Australia, implying the notion that Aboriginal people are the world's first astronomers.

The scientists found the stone structure that is placed on a regular basis at a farm near Mount Rothwell, approximately 50 miles west of Melbourne. Seeing the stone structure is so regular, they arebelieve large stones that is the way Aboriginal people observing the movement of the sun .

If the allegations were proven true, this stone structure existed long before the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge in England and the pyramids in Egypt, or approximately 10 thousand years ago.

"These stones are placed in neat to know the movement of the sun," says astrophysicist Professor Ray Norris.

"It's not likely the result of the work carelessly. This arrangement requires a very careful arrangement,"continued Norris again.

The composition of the stone was found in a position half-circle, where two straight lines with its point position of the sun at noon in summer.

Further research is needed related to this invention. However, scientists now know that the arrangement of stones at Stonehenge is quite new in the world of astronomy.

Stonehenge is believed to have existed since 1,500 years ago, which was established to measure the movement of the sun and moon.

Meanwhile, the pyramids in Egypt was allegedly established approximately 3200 years before Christ.

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UFO Visit Jerusalem

A video image taken from amateur camcorder shows an unidentified object flying objects (UFO) hovering over the holy places of worship the Temple Mount (Bait-ul-Muqadas) in the city of Jerusalem.

In the video, a luminous flying object hovering in the holy sites for 30 seconds with a sound background "ooo", "aahh" and "whether it UFO?" from people around the camera that took the picture.

The incident occurred on 28 January, and since Thursday have started a lot of the video uploaded on the Internet.

Perhaps at this time of UFO sightings are often documented, because it's a lot of people who have a video camera. But what makes this news interesting is that UFOs are visiting religious sites.

Sunni Muslims believe that the hill was a sacred site where the prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven. The place is also a site sacred to the Jews.

What makes the video look real rather than a hoax (hoax) was taken with several video cameras and from several perspectives.

Is this video real or a hoax, seems to have to wait for the analysis of several experts.

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New Solar System

Kepler, NASA's space obeservatorium discover solar system that consists of six planets around Sun-like star. By some astronomers, the planets are referred to as mini Neptune.

The five new planets that orbit close to its sun (Kepler 11), closer than Mercury's distance to the planet's sun of our solar system. The sixth planet in the longer distances. Roughly equidistant to the distance the Sun to Venus.

"This is a very tight planetary systems," said Jonathan Fortney, an astronomer at the Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, as quoted by National Geographic, February 4, 2011.

The planets (named Kepler Kepler 11b to 11g), Fortney said, are relatively small, ranging from 2 to 4.5 times the size of Earth. In addition, the newly discovered planet was also very mild. "This indicates that most of the planets were composed of gas," he said.

From research, it is known that four of the six planets that have a thick atmosphere containing hydrogen and helium.

The two planets are closer to the star has a higher density. It is estimated, the second planet has an atmosphere that consists mainly of water, and only a little hydrogen and helium.

"It can find lots of planets and stars to calculate a planet's womb is a scientific boon," said Fortney. "Just as paleontologists who study dinosaur species, an astronomer can see a lot of other world that was born the same time to better understand the transformation of the planets," he said.

Now, said Fortney, we can do a scientific comparison. "We can predict how the evolution of planets have been distorted over time," he said.

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Collision Earth with Apophis

Russian astronomers estimate that the asteroid Apophis will hit Earth on April 13, 2036. "Apophis will reach the Earth within a distance of 37 thousand to 38 thousand kilometers on April 13, 2029. Looks like the asteroid will hit Earth on 13 April 2036," said Professor Leonid Sokolov from Saint Petersburg State University.

Scientists say, however, a chance collision in 2036 is very small by saying that the asteroid seems to be split into smaller parts and a collision with a smaller Earth can occur in subsequent years.

"Our job is to think about and develop a range of alternatives and the draft action plan that relies on more distant observations of Apophis," said Sokolov.

Asteroid was discovered in 2004 and is considered the biggest threat to the planet Earth, even though NASA scientists to reduce the possibility of dangerous collisions with Earth in 2036. Russian Space Agency announced plans earlier to consider the program in preventing the large asteroid collision with Earth.

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Plant 'Chameleon'

Not just a chameleon who can change the color of skin. Apparently, the plants are now able to change color in accordance with the conditions of shelter.

Is June Medford, a biologist from the Colorado State University, who managed to do genetic engineering of Arabidopsis plants, so plants can change the color.

Crops engineered Medford and his team, will change color from green to white when it detects the presence of plants nearby hazardous substances, such as drugs, pollutants, or even explosive materials.

Initially, Medford using computers to design the plant proteins called receptors. Then, Medford utilizing bacteria to modify the receptor plant.

With a genetic structure that has been modified, then the plant receptor can detect particles of harmful chemicals, pollutants, explosives, or other threats. When detecting the presence of such substances, the plant will send a signal, so that the green color changed to white.

"When you bring something to the international airport in Denver, for example an explosive, then this plant will change color to white. This will provide security for you," said Medford, 52, told the website of The Denver Post.

The research project was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) since 2003, with financial assistance amounting to U.S. $ 500 thousand. Later, this research also received support from the Office of Naval Research, Department of Homeland Security, and Defense Threat Reduction Agency.

"We hope that this plant can be placed in public locations, so that it can detect explosives at the site where dangerous objects were being assembled," said Doug Bauer, Program Manager explosive research on Homeland Security in Washington DC.

Other applications, this plant can also be used by police to combat drug trafficking, or to protect the soldier who was the convoy of bombs and mines.

Today, this plant still takes about three hours to respond to the presence of hazardous substances earlier and change color. However, scientists believe will be obtained so that the response indicated the progress of plants could soon be seen in minutes.

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Mona Lisa Man

Italian researchers found a surprising new facts from the masterpiece painting The Mona Lisa, da Vinci's masterpiece Leonrdo maestro. Vinceti Silvano, the head researcher said the painting, the Mona Lisa model that is in the painting is a man, boy.

Vinceti Italian historian who also broke the conclusion that there has been a mention that the Mona Lisa was Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a Florentine silk merchant.

Vinceti pretty sure the painting was inspired by Gian Giacomo Caprotti. A young man who has long worked and became a trust 'The Master of the Renaissance' it.

The relationship between Leonardo and Caprotti believed to be very close. Even the maestro was mentioned consider the model in the painting as a child and became one of the most trusted companions.

Vinceti also said, several works of Leonardo, including two paintings of St. John the Baptist and lesser-known images, called "Angel Incarnate" was also based on Caprotti. Caprotti got a call 'love' that is Salai.

What makes the research team called the Mona Lisa Vinceti is a man? According to him, all the appearance of the Mona Lisa describes the characteristics of a young man. Lean, not a sissy with curly hair.

"Salai (Caprotti) is a favorite model for Leonardo. Leonardo also include characteristics Salai in The Mona Lisa," said Vinceti.

Caprotti allegedly entered Leonardo's household around the year 1490, when he was aged about 10 years. Caprotti Leonardo worked as an assistant for about 20 years. He earned the nickname Salai or 'Little Satan'. Caprotti also pointed out a model of some erotic paintings subjects produced the genius.

"Salai very handsome and maybe he was loved by Leonardo," said Vinceti who is also head of the National Committee for Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Italy this. Vinceti sure, Leonardo was a man who enjoys the same sex, gay.

Salai also allegedly stole many items from Leonardo. He also often cause some problems. But, as an artist, Leonardo was always forgiving.

Other art historians judge skeptical of the conclusions Vinceti it. Pietro Marani, an author of several books about the artists who are also 'experts' research Vinceti Leonardo called it "unfounded."

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Plant Bomb Detector

U.S. scientists develop plants that can detect bombs. How, they "teach" the plant proteins to change color when a certain chemical element. Application of research results is not difficult, for example, plants that can be used wrapped around the security gates. When the terrorists with explosives approached, all the plants change color to white.

Plants that work because the receptor protein in the DNA of plants naturally respond to stimulus threat by releasing chemicals called terpenoids to thicken the epidermis of leaves, the result leaves change color. The research was undertaken by the University of Colorado biology professor, June Medford joint headquarters U.S. armed forces, the Pentagon. "Plants can not run or hide from threats, so they developed a sophisticated system to detect and respond to their environment," said professor Medford.

The researchers designed a computer program to manipulate the plant's natural defense mechanism to "teach" its receptors respond to chemical explosives as well as air pollutants and water pollutants. Receptors redesigned computer is modified in order to function in plant cell walls so that they could identify pollutants or explosives in the air or the ground nearby. Plants that detect compounds and activate the internal signals that cause the loss of green color and turn it into white foliage.

The ability to detect than a similar plant is even better than dogs. The nature of detection could be used for any plant and can detect multiple pollutants at once. Professor Medford and his team recently received a three-year grant worth 7.9 million dollars from the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency to bring their discoveries to the "real world." The study appears in the journal PLoS ONE.

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Solar Aircraft

NASA made history once again new. This time the space agency from the United States had successfully created the first spacecraft-based solar power.

At first it sounds like science fiction excerpts. But now NASA has made unmanned spacecraft without fuel minerals.

Unlike any other spacecraft, NanoSail-D-like shape kites are relatively smaller size and its orbit is not too high from the top surface of the Earth.

NanoSail-D using solar radiation pressure to make it move and fly at high speed. NASA said the satellite is only tiny at 100 square feet and operate according to plan.

Actually NanoSail-D has been released into the air since January 20, 2011 last. However, that day can not be used as the first day he flew to NASA successfully receives the frequency of data packets from NanoSail-D, ie, five days later.

"This is the first time NASA launched a spacecraft to orbit the lowest in the surface of the Earth," said Dean Alhorn, a spokesman for NASA.

NanoSail-D will continue to send a signal flare in it until the battery runs out. It is estimated he will fly orbiting the Earth until the next 70-120 days, depending on atmospheric conditions.

NanoSail-D deliberately designed as a demonstration of solar-based technologies for spacecraft. If successful, this technology is expected to be another alternative in pengorbitan technology.

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Crop Circle

The phenomenon of crop circles or circular patterns in agricultural land appears in rice fields in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Claimed as the first in Indonesia, they appear directly horrendous. In fact, associated with unifentified flying object (UFO).

However, facts prove, about 80 percent of the crop circle formations are scientifically proven man-made or simply false news (hoax). Only 20 percent who have not known the exact cause - whether the work aliens, government conspiracies, or because of the weather.

U.S. space agency, NASA and even reject outright the idea of crop circles associated with UFOs. "Crop circles made by man as a joke,"said NASA senior scientist, David Morrison as notarized astrobiology.nasa.gov laman.

Morrison said, it is an easy question to answer. "Because the original perpetrators have confessed, and showed how they do it," he added.

Even in Circlemakers.org page there is a site about crop circle information, forums, and even instructions on how to make crop circles which can be downloaded. Anything as complicated as it seems, could be how it turns out simple. One of them uses a step on board.

Can not believe crop circles made by man? See this video.


source : vivanews

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13 Constellation

If you have to know 12 constellations, do not be surprised if a study stated that it was "stale". Usually the twelve constellations that overshadow your birthday. In fact, many people who believe their fate is determined based on the zodiac. With the addition of these constellations what will happen?

Currently, research has found the constellation Ophiuchus, is known as Serpentarius. Zodiac is rarely used, and are not included in most versions of the constellations. Then, when Serpentarius constellations will go to the preformance 12 zodiac.

Parke Kunkle, an astronomer, said, "The alignment of Earth changed in the past 3,000 years thus pushing into new constellations in the zodiac." He added, "is actually the process that has lasted thousands of years."

In astronomy, the zodiac is the ring of constellations that the ecliptic line, which is a clear path the sun in the sky the ball all year. Road moon and planets is also located approximately in the ecliptic, and so are the constellations of the zodiac. In astrology, zodiac signs so that divide the ecliptic into twelve zones divide the sky the same longitude.

Thus, the zodiac is the sky coordinate system or more specifically an ecliptic coordinate system. As a result, known as the ecliptic latitude of origin, and the position of the sun at the vernal equinox as the origin of longitude.

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Black Hole

Black hole or black hole in the universe's largest has been found with a heavy 6.8 billion times the mass of the Sun. So big, the hole is said to be able to swallow the Earth and its entire contents of the solar system.

With the size of the horizon, it is estimated the entire contents of the solar system can not run away from the edge of this, including even light. For comparison, the magnitude can reach four times the orbit of the planet Neptune.

The black hole is located in M87. So far, he is the biggest galaxy closest to the Milky Way. The distance is estimated about 50 million light years from Earth and is still not known when the 'monster' was born.

Given the size is very huge, some scientists think the hole was created by hundreds of black holes merge into one in the past.

"He could swallow our solar system," said Karl Gebhardt, a scientist from the University of Texas, Austin-USA, as quoted from All Voices, Sunday, January 16, 2011.

A special telescope in Hawaii used by scientists to observe an object which is estimated to have weighed more than double the previous. With these telescopes, Gebhardt and his team are able to observe space objects up to a distance of 500 km.

"And, this giant black hole is a black hole and Accurate termasif we've ever found,"said astronomer George Djorgovski of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

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Car With Hydrogen Fuel

Three giant Japanese automakers, including Toyota, Honda and Nissan, in cooperation with a number of leading energy companies in the State Sakura to encourage the production of cars hydrogen fuel is environmentally friendly.

Not limited production car, a consortium of companies that signed the cooperation was also planned to build hydrogen refueling stations in the territory of Japan.

Known around 10 energy companies, including companies of natural gas refiner and distributor, will build about 100 refueling stations in 2015 in Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, and Fukuoka.

Consortium of 10 companies it said in a statement, Friday, January 14, 2011, mentions that all three Japanese car manufacturers will begin producing new cars are equipped with Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) this year.

For information, FCVs is a breakthrough technology to convert hydrogen into electric current and do not create pollution in the form of anything other than water vapor.

"Giant car manufacturer in Japan will continue efforts to reduce the cost of making the system to start FCVs before later marketed in Japan, especially in four major metropolitan areas, in 2015," they wrote through the same information.

With the aim of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) significantly, the resulting transport sector, manufacturers and suppliers of hydrogen fuel to work together to expand socialization and encourage the supply of hydrogen FCVs throughout Japan.

Unfortunately, the companies involved are still reluctant to open my mouth about these long-term project investment.

Although electric-based vehicles such as Nissan or Toyota Prius Leaf had been highlighted recently, cars with fuel cells remain a more powerful alternative. However, the high cost of production and can not be renewing natural resources to fuel a fundamental constraint.

Toyota is the pioneer who created the world's first hybrid car by combining the resources of petrol and electric motors. The company has expressed plans to release a hydrogen-fueled cars in 2015.

While Honda, in 2008, began marketing the FCX Clarity about 200 units, the car is rented to customers based in the U.S., Japan, and Europe in the near future

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Swine Flu Effects

Swine flu epidemic in 2009 is one of the most severe flu pandemic despite the resulting effect was relatively moderate. However, there were positive impacts caused by the flu, the researchers found a universal flu vaccine.

As is known, the H1N1 virus infects about sixty million people, although only 18 thousand of the dead. From the swine flu, researchers are now beginning to find the body's immune system with antibodies that can kill a new flu virus, not just H1N1.

From recent research carried out on nine people who survived after the swine flu, it was found that virus infection has caused the immune system in 9 people has increased dramatically. Their bodies produce antibodies that are not only needed to survive from swine flu, but can also be useful to counter a number of other flu variant that will attack their bodies.

A common variant of flu viruses like the flu or seasonal influenza viruses usually are made to make the flu vaccine did not activate it as many antibodies in the human body. That is, there is something unusual variant of the H1N1 flu virus that triggers the emergence of unusual immune response in humans.

The strength of the immune response due to H1N1 is very great. According to the researchers, five types of antibodies they studied enough to fight all the variations of seasonal flu, Spanish flu virus that killed 50 million people in 1918, and the highly lethal bird flu, or H5N1.

Researchers say, the uniqueness of swine flu is a trigger response of the human body. The immune system does not immediately know what to do deal with the virus. For that, the body begins producing lots of different antibodies on the basis of data of other flu viruses that have attacked the body.

When the immune system, the body finds the appropriate antibodies against swine flu. The body is already producing variants of antibodies that can be used to block a variety of other influenza variants.

Unknown whether the H1N1 vaccine can also transfer this super immune to another human body, however, it is on the priority list that will be studied.

"Many researchers are now trying to develop vaccines that can protect the body from different variants of the flu virus," said Sarah Gilbert, a virus expert from Oxford University, as quoted by the BBC, January 14, 2011.

"This effort to convince us that making a universal flu vaccine is very possible. But at least, still it took about 5 years until such vaccines available, "he said.

Unfortunately, within 5 years is long enough to remember every year, to 500 thousand people were killed by various kinds of influenza virus variants. However, if such a universal flu vaccine can actually cope with the various variants of flu viruses, within 5 years worth the wait.

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U.S. coldest

Currently, the winter snow blanketing the middle of the countries in the region north of the equator. According to weather forecasts of various institutions, a severe winter will continue to hit until mid or late January.

Based on these predictions, AccuWeather, weather monitoring institutions from the United States that was established in 1962 states, in January 2011 will be the coldest January since 1985, past or over a period of 26 years, in the United States.

"Despite unusually cold weather in some regions in recent years, overall the United States have never undergone a thorough winter like this since the 1980s," said Joe Bastardi, chief forecaster AccuWeather Long Range.

Record-breaking cold climate itself has been hit most of the western United States in the first few days of January. The air froze northern ambush, while in eastern and south have experienced cooling dramatically since this weekend.

Bastardi said the frozen Antarctic air is usually locked in the area of Canada is now blown to the south. This makes the temperature in the countries in the south to be outside the normal.

"The winds of Antarctica will continue to blow all over the country starting this week, and will continue until next week," said Bastardi. "The period between 10 and 20 January this winter is expected to reach the peak point with the northern United States who will experience the worst conditions," he said.

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Identity of MonaLisa

Perhaps nothing is more controversial than paintings by Leonardo Da Vinci, Mona Lisa. Over the centuries - the investigators trying to uncover the art of symbols in this painting, including who the real Mona Lisa and the meaning behind that mysterious smile.

Now, the Italian art historian claims to have revealed the Da Vinci code in the real version: the identity of the Mona Lisa.

Is a historian, Carla Glori who found that the existing bridge in the background of the Mona Lisa becomes an important clue.

He said, the hump of the bridge - where the number 72 faintly visible in there - is the real bridge spanning the River Trebbia at Bobbio, near Piacenza, Italy.

Glori, who wrote a book called Engima Leonardo: Deciphering And Discovering, said sure, women in the great work that is Giovanna Bianca Sforza.

Giovanna Bianca Sforza was the daughter of Ludovico il Moro, the ruling nobility in Bobbio, 500 years ago. Two letters found recently in the eyes of the Mona Lisa - the letter 'S' and 'G' alleged initials Bianca.

"Based on my research I have identified the subject is Giovanna Bianca Sforza and bridge in the background is one that spans the River Trebbia in Bobbio," said he, like loaded the Daily Mail, Monday, January 10, 2011.

Added Glori, 500 years ago, Bobbio is mahsyur important cultural center with library and a castle that stood at the main intersection.

"Allegedly because of Da Vinci visited Bobbio famous library, and he painted it based on memory, several years later, probably when he lived in France," he said.

Added Glori, even after centuries, the city has changed a lot, however, the remnants of the past as depicted in Da Vinci's paintings can still be seen today, the streets are winding like a snake.

Added to him, the bridge that crosses the River Trebbia, as in the painting had been swept in the year 1472 - may be associated with the number '72 'is faintly visible in the painting Mona Lisa.

The valley in which lies Bobbio described by Ernest Hemingway as the most beautiful in the world and bridge the town is also known as Devil's Bridge or the bridge of the Devil.

Once, a bridge was allegedly built overnight by the devil on the agreement with St. Columbanus - that promises first to cross the bridge of life given to the devil.

Theory Glori get rebuttal from Martin Kemp, a former lecturer at Oxford University and an expert Da Vinci.

"It almost certainly is a portrait of the Italian nobility, Lisa del Giocondo. Perhaps the idea originally was romantic and mysterious," he added.

He added, there's no resemblance bridge Bobbio, as claimed Glori.

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Year of Science

Period 2010, assessed as registrar in the resurrection of science in a number of areas. From the field of physics, biology, health, aerospace, environmental, and other scholarly. Here is a piece of recorded progress of each aspect of human life.

Physics
There is one major story in 2010: Large Hadron Collider (LHC). LHC energy particle accelerator is the biggest and highest in the world. Understanding of the LHC is able to answer the most basic questions of physics, and promote human understanding of natural laws.

LHC reportedly collided in March 2010. And a month ago, the collision was fused with the ability to 99.99 percent the speed of light with temperatures reaching 10 trillion degrees Celsius. Equivalent to the first microsecond of the Big Bang theory of cosmology-about events of the formation of the universe.

Health
For the first time, an experimental treatment based on embryonic stem cells, believed to be the next technological leap for the treatment-has been running in England. Researchers at University College London, said it had marked the birth of these stem cells.

In January, the leukemia vaccine already been tested in humans. Although still in its early stages, the vaccine being tested at King's College London showed promising results when tested in mice. A month later, hope emerged in the treatment of cancer by a geneticist at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. The treatment refers to the adjustment of one's genetic fingerprints. This technique has been tested in patients with colon cancer and breast cancer.

Biology
Controversial biologist Craig Venter made headlines by creating synthetic life forms in the laboratory. "Synthia" was created using genome Mycoplasma genitalium. Venter and his team to change the DNA using a computer, taking 100 genes and add a "watermark". They then inserted into the core genome of a bacterium M. genitalium, which is reproduced, creating mycoplasma laboratory.

There is also exciting news for fans of Jurassic Park. The zoo in San Diego has to cloning animals die. So far, they only have to use an endangered species.

Environmental
A report issued by the Royal Society and the Zoological Society of London showed that one in five vertebrate species are under threat of extinction. While the research results of the United Nations said that while this species at any time more quickly disappear, beginning from the death of the dinosaurs. Increased acidity of the oceans is also threatening the reef system and causing shortages of food, thereby reducing fish populations.

According to the World Meteorological Association, 2010 to be part of the record the condition of the hottest in the world. In addition to last year, experts noted 2000 and 2009 to become part of the three hottest years hottest in the world.

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Gardening to Generate Electricity

On the roof of the building Wageningen University research center in the province of Gelderland, the Netherlands, conducted research that is not common. At the edge of the roof visible two equilateral rectangular-shaped bathtub, each of which contains 12 plastic buckets filled with water and mud. In it the scientists cultivate various types of grasses and other aquatic plants. But not the cultivation of plants which became the main theme of this research at the University of Wageningen, but simbiose between plants and bacteria to generate energy.

David Strik, biochemistry expert who conducted the study explains, "We are here to have plants and bacteria that cooperate. The principle can be explained simply. Plants through photosynthesis produce carbon element, and continuing up to 40 percent of this organic element into the ground. There live various micro-organisms, bacteria and fungi that live off the organic elements of plants. We make a biological battery, by putting the two electrodes, at locations where the bacteria grow and to produce electricity. "

Scientists in the Netherlands were to apply the knowledge that has been half a century old. Namely, all the organisms in the digestive process, or rather in the burning of glucose in the body, generating electrical energy is weak. The majority are used for the body's own metabolic processes.

However, in bacteria occurs different things. Usually these bacteria release electrical energy to the oxygen in the air. In an-aerobic conditions or no oxygen, the bacteria will look for other elements to receive an excessive discharge of electrical energy from the digestion. The process was discovered by scientists from the University of Greifswald several years ago. They then develop a so-called microbial fuel cells MFC.

Bacteria in microbial fuel cells alive in a solution containing foodstuffs. Two electrodes inserted into it. Bacteria only an excessive release of electrical energy directly to the negative pole or anode. Electricity can now be channeled. However, in microbial fuel cells MFC also apply the argument, the output can not be greater than the input. In other words, for electricity supply stable and continuous progress, the bacteria continuously fed emotion. This is the task of grass is planted in the bucket that is placed on the roof of Wageningen university. Plants grown in the solution of food, and ensuring a continuous supply of glucose.

"What we make, is basically a natural solar energy plant cells. Plants absorb solar energy, and pass them on to bacteria that in turn produce electricity. So we supplied electricity 24 hours a day. If the bacteria is still there, electricity continues to be produced. Winter Last year, everything freezes and the whole system is not functioning. But soon after melting anymore, electricity back there, "explained David Strik.

However, electricity generation capacity to fluctuate slightly, depending on the day, weather and type of plants. For each type of plant life that trigger requirements vary for the bacteria. The electric power generated by its biggest-ever type of grass that normally grows on the banks of rivers or water areas. The researchers observed, as well as rice plants are generating energy that is good enough.

"Every square meter is currently producing 0.2 watts. We think that within three years into the future can be realized evocation of three watts per square meter. What can we do with it? Three watts is the proper power, needed to replenish me Funny, "said David Strik.

Energy researchers also gave the following description of the use of weak electric currents generated MFC microbial biofuel cell. For example, to operate the lighting of LED light emission diode. David Strik confirmed, he will market and sell the results of this research and development. He has taken over the patent of Wageningen University and founded a small private company called Plant-E. Plan size is, the entire surface of the roof planted with vegetation Univerisat Wageningen, to be able to generate electricity. David said, if it materialized, then for the first time most of green electricity produced in the world.

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